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India Paddy 2024: Weather Risk Susceptible

 

The current water deficit situation affecting paddy crops in West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, UP, and Punjab, and its potential impact on rice yield. Despite an increase in sowing percentage compared to the previous year, deficient rainfall poses a serious threat to paddy production. The critical stages of rice growth, particularly the reproductive stage, are highly sensitive to water stress, which could result in significant yield losses if conditions do not improve.

 

Current Situation

Government data indicates that sowing of paddy crops has increased in the current year compared to 2023.

Department of agriculture and farmers welfare  

However, the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) reports a continuing deficiency in rainfall across the affected states. This water deficit could adversely impact rice yields due to the crop's sensitivity to moisture stress at various growth stages.


Rainfall Deviation from Long Term Average 01 June to 04 August 2024

Currently Paddy is in Vegetative Growth Stage

Requirement: Immediately after transplanting, paddy requires adequate land submergence (5 cm) to protect seedlings from wind damage and support root development. A shallow depth of 2 cm of water is beneficial for tiller production and anchorage.

Affect of Deficit: Moisture stress during the active tillering phase can reduce yield up to 30%. As water levels are currently below optimal, there is a risk that tillering and root anchorage could be compromised, leading to reduced overall yield potential.


The most criticle stage of rice is its reproductive stage and water requirement is high at that time, if the water deficient condition changes to its normal before touching its reproductive stage then there will be no significant yield loss, if not than there might be chances of yield loss in these region.

 

Subsequently rains in later half of august and September will be critical where paddy comes to reproductive (pinnacle formation) and later at grain filling stage.

Conclusion

The current deficient rainfall in West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Punjab poses a significant risk to paddy crops, particularly at the reproductive stage where water stress can lead to severe yield losses. Immediate action is required to manage water resources effectively and implement stress mitigation strategies to safeguard against potential yield reduction. Continued monitoring of weather patterns and timely interventions will be critical in minimizing the adverse impacts of the ongoing water deficit.


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Location: Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

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