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STATUS OF WHEAT & POTATO 2020-21: A CASE STUDY IN HOSHIARPUR & JALANDHAR, PUNJAB

 

In Rabi season 2020-21, FASAL SALAH team carry out a study of crops grown in Hoshiarpur and Jalandhar district of Punjab. Wheat is the major crop of Hoshiarpur and Jalandhar district followed by Potato. Idea was to look at the crop on ground as well as from satellite to see if size the crop and yields could be determined.

FASAL SALAH App, Our Crop monitoring technology is unique using bottoms up approach with crop monitoring at field level and correlating ground realities with real-time crop vegetation index monitored via spectral analysis of high-resolution satellite images for different fields and crops. This enables to track positive and negative dynamics of crop development much more realistically.

This way it is more realistic way of crop yield estimation before actual harvest. Our technology has been field tested and awarded by Govt. of India (Winner of Great Agriculture Challenge 2019).  

 

Satellite Image Processing and Vegetation Index-

The Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Vegetation Indices MOD13Q1 Version 6 (16-day composite) NDVI image product with spatial resolution of 250m, was used in this work. The satellite image has been pre-processed to rectify the geometrical errors.

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) with 9 km resolution data used in this assessment, The SMAP spacecraft carries two instruments, a radar (active) and a radiometer (passive), that together make global measurements of land surface soil moisture and freeze/thaw state. It is useful for monitoring and predicting natural hazards such as floods and droughts, understanding the linkages between Earth’s water, energy and carbon cycles, and reducing uncertainties in predicting weather and climate.

During the rabi season sentinel- 2 (Optical) data was used for the crop classification. Sentinel-2 is the high-resolution optical satellite of ESA and the EU. The images have a resolution of 10 to 20 meters, higher than Landsat, and, as always with the Copernicus programme, the data are free and open. A single date Sentinel-2 imagery has been taken and individual bands of 10m spatial resolution NIR, R, and G are stacked together to create a multispectral image cube. Once the stacked image is generated subset the area on the basis of AOI (area of interest), then classified the stacked image using supervised classification and estimate the crop acreage of wheat crop during the rabi season.

Our main task is to conveniently combine all of the information about your fields in one place, to identify and draw the attention of farmers to problem areas. To achieve this, we collect data from different sources - satellite images, weather data, soil types, vegetation maps, among others - and supplement it with our own developments. After having analyzed the data obtained, the system notifies the user of possible risks and changes provides the ability to cluster fields and treat them accordingly, as well as predict yields. In the long run, the system allows for optimal resource utilization and effective decision-making.

 

About

Hoshiarpur

       The district lies at the 31º 31’ 46. 53” N latitude and 75º 55’ 12.00” E longitudes covering an area of 3,365 km2, according to the 2011 census Hoshiarpur district has a population of 1.6 million.

        Hoshiarpur falls under West Himalayan Region Zone with an annual rainfall of 301.4 mm with the South West Monsoon, North East Monsoon, Winter and Summer supply.

       The net sown area is 201 thousand hectares and gross cropped area is 365 thousand hectares with cropping intensity of 182%.

       The district has a wide variety of crops grown where major Rabi crops in the region are Wheat, Mustard and Potato.



Jalandhar

  • The district lies at the 31º19'26.74" N latitude and 75º34'39.46" E longitudes covering an area of 2,632 km2, according to the 2011 census Jalandhar district has a population of 2.1 million.
  •  Jalandhar falls under Trans-Gangetic Plains Region Zone with an annual rainfall of 698.4 mm with the South West Monsoon, North East Monsoon, Winter and Summer supply.
  • The net sown area is 237.6 thousand hectares and gross cropped area is 422.4 thousand hectares with cropping intensity of 178%.
  • The district has a wide variety of crops grown where major Rabi crops in the region are Wheat and Potato.

  • BKC’s FASAL SALAH App is in service of all over the states in India. A unique and AI based advanced technology where the farmers sends the geo-tagged crop pictures of different crops for better advice. Farmers get advisories based on variety sown, date of sowing and weather forecast of their village. This App uses artificial intelligence for image processing of farmers sent pictures and crop modelling analytics, which BKC has established for calculation of area, yield and health of the crop well before the harvest.


Weather Outlook

Hoshiarpur


 
       Temperature condition in the month of November is optimal while in the second week of December maximum and minimum temperature sudden down, whereas from the first week of January its continuously upturn.

       Normal rainfall perceived in the month of November but it showing sudden down rainfall during the month of December and January, whereas in the month of March depicts average rainfall.

 

Jalandhar

 


       Temperature condition in the month of November and December is optimal while in the last week of January minimum temperature sudden up, whereas from the first week of February its continuously upturn.

       Normal rainfall perceived in the month of November but there is no rainfall witnessed during the month of December, whereas there is no rainfall showing from the month of February to March.

NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI):



       NDVI values of the current year are lagging behind than that of the previous year in all over the district during the rabi season 2020-21.




       NDVI value depicts average condition with respect to the previous year during the rabi season 2020-21. 



       NDVI values of the current year are showing better that of the previous year in all over the district during the rabi season 2020-21.




       NDVI values of the current year are lagging behind than that of the previous year in all over the district during the rabi season 2020-21.



       Normal crop condition is seen throughout the district with respect to the previous year during rabi season 2020-21.

SOIL MOISTURE:


 

       All over the district displays lower moisture content with respect to the previous year during the month of Dec 2020.



  • Soil moisture demonstrates low moisture content in all over the district when compared to the previous year in the month of January 2021.



       Deficit soil moisture content is depicted in the month of February in all over the district in comparison to the year 2020.




       All over the district displays lower moisture content with respect to the previous year during the month of Dec 2020.



       Soil moisture demonstrates low moisture content in all over the district when compared to the previous year in the month of January 2021.



Deficit soil moisture content is depicted in the month of February in all over the district in comparison to the year 2020.

 

Acreage estimates of Hoshiarpur & Jalandhar:





Conclusion:

  • Wheat is the major crop grown in Hoshiarpur and Jalandhar district of Punjab following by Potato crop during the Rabi season 2020-21 with crop area of 127878, 146796 and 16001, 23493 hectares respectively. Area of wheat crop in current year showing slightly lower from 144000 and 170000 ha of 2018-19 by 11% and 13 % respectively. On the basis of NDVI crop health condition of Hoshiarpur and Jalandhar district depicts normal condition with respect to the year 2018-19 in rabi season 2020-21 and same scenario can be seen in acreage estimation.
  • Average crop yield in Hoshiarpur and Jalandhar district for wheat and potato is approx. 55, 60 and 100, 93.5 quintals per hectare respectively. The crop is calculated when the farmers gives their inputs during the crop registrations in FASAL SALAH App i.e. date of sowing, soil, variety and our crop modeler met-GIS runs in the backend and monitor the crop at every stages throughout the crop cycle and predicts the crop yield before harvesting.

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